A Workshop to support national capabilities was conducted within the framework of the European Union CBRN Risk Mitigation Centres of Excellence Initiative (EU CBRN CoE)

Strengthening Ukraine’s Legal Framework to Combat CBRN Crimes
In a world where chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear materials play essential roles in medicine, industry, and energy production, their misuse can pose grave threats to national security and public safety. For Ukraine, a nation grappling with the ongoing consequences of war, the risk of CBRN-related crimes has never been more pressing. Addressing these threats requires not only vigilance but also a strong legal framework to ensure perpetrators are brought to justice.
Against this backdrop, the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), in collaboration with international partners, led a pivotal workshop in Žilina, Slovakia, from 27 to 28 February 2025. This initiative marked a significant step in Ukraine’s efforts to enhance the investigation, prosecution, and adjudication of CBRN crimes while ensuring that its legal system aligns with international standards.

International Collaboration for a Safer Ukraine
The workshop brought together 30 Ukrainian professionals, including law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and judicial officials, to explore best practices for criminalising CBRN-related offences. By examining international legal instruments and model legislation, participants gained invaluable insights into the strengthening of Ukraine’s existing legal framework. The event also facilitated discussions on the classification of CBRN crimes, highlighting the importance of harmonising national laws with global standards.
This initiative was made possible through the European Commission’s Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI) Service, which has played a crucial role in supporting Ukraine’s legal and security reforms since the onset of the Russian aggression. FPI’s continued engagement underscores the broader international commitment to Ukraine’s resilience against emerging security threats.

Expertise from Leading International Organisations
A unique aspect of the workshop was the participation of key international organisations, working together under the “One UN Family” approach. Experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) shared their expertise, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the legal frameworks governing CBRN threats.
The International Association of Prosecutors (IAP) and the Verification Research, Training, and Information Centre (VERTIC) also contributed to this effort. Central to the discussions were two essential resources: the Prosecutor’s Guide to Chemical and Biological Crimes (2022) and the Prosecutor’s Guide to Radiological and Nuclear Crimes (2024). These guides provide a roadmap for legal professionals handling complex cases involving CBRN materials, offering practical tools for prosecution and adjudication.

Practical Training: From Theory to Action
While awareness and legal frameworks are crucial, the ability to implement these laws in real-world scenarios is equally important. Building on the momentum of this workshop, Ukraine will soon host a specialised training course titled “Building a Case for Prosecution of CBRN Crimes.” This initiative will equip legal professionals with hands-on experience in preparing cases, ensuring that theoretical knowledge is translated into effective legal action.
A key component of this training will be a mock trial / moot court session, where participants will engage in simulated courtroom proceedings. This practical approach allows prosecutors and judicial officers to refine their skills, gaining confidence in handling CBRN-related cases. Such initiatives are essential for strengthening Ukraine’s justice system and enhancing national security.

Sustaining Momentum: A Path Forward
The workshop in Žilina represents a crucial milestone in Ukraine’s broader strategy to combat CBRN crimes. As the country navigates ongoing conflict and security challenges, bolstering its legal and institutional capacities remains a top priority. This initiative not only enhances Ukraine’s ability to prosecute CBRN offences but also strengthens its compliance with international legal obligations, reinforcing global security frameworks.
Through continued collaboration with international partners, Ukraine is making significant strides in ensuring that CBRN crimes are effectively addressed and prosecuted. By investing in legal expertise, practical training, and legislative reforms, the country is building a more secure future - one where justice serves as a powerful deterrent against those who seek to misuse CBRN materials.
For more information on the EU CBRN Risk Mitigation CoE Initiative and UNICRI’s ongoing efforts in this field, please click here.